ʻO ka Curcumin Derivative J-147: He lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no ka maʻi o Alzheimer, anti-aging, a me ka maʻi kaumaha nui (MDD)

J-147 Loiloi
ʻO Curcumin kahi polyphenol a me ka ʻāpana hana o Turmeric a me Ginger. He nui nā pōmaikaʻi i loaʻa i ka Curcumin i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi he nui, akā ma muli o ka hiki ʻole ke hele i ka Blood-Brain Barrier (BB), aia nā maopopo palena.
ʻO ke kumu, J147 (CAS:1146963-51-0) he Curcumin a me Cyclohexyl-Bisphenol A (CBA) i loaʻa mai kahi lāʻau neurogenic a me neuroprotective ikaika. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana neurodegenerative e pili ana me ka ʻelemakule. Hiki iā J147 ke keʻa i ka BBB i ka lolo (ikaika) a hoʻoulu i ka hana neuronal stem cell.
ʻAʻole like me nā lāʻau i kū i kēia manawa i ʻae ʻia no ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer, ʻaʻole ʻo J147 ka mea kāohi acetylcholinesterase a i ʻole ka mea kāohi phosphodiesterase, akā hoʻonui ia i ka ʻike me kahi lapaʻau pōkole.
Ma kēia pou, e kūkākūkā mākou pehea ka curcumin derivative J147 e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer (AD), kahi maʻi depressive nui (MDD) a me Anti-ʻelemakule.
Eia ka ʻike i loko:
- E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka J-147 Work (Mechanism)
- Nā Pōmaikaʻi Nānā wikiwiki o J-147
- Hoʻolālā ʻo J-147 i ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer (AD)
- Hoʻolālā ʻo J-147 i ka pilikia ʻelemakule
- Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo J-147 i ka maʻi depressive nui (MDD)
- Nā noiʻi hou aʻe e pili ana iā J-147
- Kahi e kūʻai ai i ka pauka J-147
E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka J-147 Work (Mechanism)
A hiki i ka makahiki 2018, noho pohihihi ka hopena J-147 ma ke keena a hiki i ka wehe ʻana o ka Salk Institute Neurobiologists i ka nane. Hana ka lāʻau ma ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā ATP synthase. Hoʻololi kēia protein mitochondrial i ka hana ʻana o ka ikehu cellular, no laila, ke kaohi ʻana i ke kaʻina ʻelemakule. Ke kū nei ka hoʻohui J-147 i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kanaka e pale i nā mea ʻawa e pili ana i nā makahiki i hopena ʻia mai ka mitochondria pono ʻole a me ka hana nui o ATP
E hoʻonui pū ka mīkini J-147 i ka pae o nā neurotransmitters like ʻole me NGF a me BDNF. Ma waho aʻe, hana ia ma nā pae beta-amyloid, i kiʻekiʻe mau i waena o nā mea maʻi me Alzheimer a me ka dementia. ʻO nā hopena J-147 me ka hoʻolōʻihi i ka holomua o Alzheimer, pale i ka hemahema hoʻomanaʻo, a hoʻonui i ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola neuronal.
ʻO AASraw ka mea hana ʻo Curcumin Derivative J-147.
E ʻoluʻolu e kaomi ma aneʻi no ka ʻike ʻōlelo.
Hana iā mākou
Nā Pōmaikaʻi Nānā wikiwiki o J-147
❶ Hoʻonui i ka hana Mitochondrial a me ka lōʻihi
Ven Pale i ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer
Ves Hoʻonui i ka hoʻomanaʻo
Ows ulu ka lolo
Ects Pale i nā Neuron
❻ Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻi diabetes
Ights Kaua ʻeha a me Neuropathy
❽ Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pīhoihoi
J-147 Mālama ʻO ka maʻi Alzheimer (AD)
J-147 a me AD: kāʻei kua
I kēia manawa, hoʻokumu ʻia ka paradigm ʻimi lāʻau nui no nā maʻi neurodegenerative ma luna o nā ligana pili kiʻekiʻe no nā pahuhopu kikoʻī hoʻokahi maʻi. No ka maʻi o Alzheimer (AD), ʻo ka mea nui ka amyloid beta peptide (Ass) e hoʻopili i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻohana Alzheimer. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea ʻo ia ka makahiki ʻoi aku ka makaʻu o ka AD, ua ʻimi mākou i kahi papa hana ʻike lāʻau ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka pono ma nā ʻano moʻomeheu o nā pūnaewele o nā maʻi pili pili makahiki ma mua o ka metabolism amyloid wale nō. Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia ala, ua ʻike mākou i kahi mole mole neurotrophic ikaika loa e kōkua i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā rodents maʻamau, a pale i ka nalo ʻana o nā protein synaptic a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa noʻonoʻo i kahi hoʻohālikelike AD mouse.
J 147 a me AD: Ka nānā ʻana i ka derivation hoʻokolohua ma Mice
INTRODUCTION: ʻOiai nā makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana, ʻaʻohe lāʻau e hoʻololi ai i ka maʻi no ka maʻi o Alzheimer (AD), kahi maʻi neurodegenerative pili i ka makahiki. ʻO ka loiloi no nā mea hoʻoponopono kūpono i nā rodent models o AD i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pathology, a laila hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hōʻike kēia ala i ka kānana i ka hōʻike olakino o nā mea maʻi AD i hiki ke wehewehe i ka hana ʻole e unuhi i nā mea hoʻohui i ʻike ʻia he maikaʻi i nā ʻano holoholona i nā hoʻololi ʻana i nā maʻi i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. ʻIke i kahi ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka loiloi mua ʻana o ka lāʻau lāʻau no AD e koi ʻia.
KANAKA: I mea e hōʻike pono ai i kahi hoʻonohonoho maʻi, ua hoʻohana mākou i kahi hoʻolālā kānana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nāʻiole AD ma kahi pae i ka maʻi ke hele mua nā maʻi pilikino. ʻO nā ʻiole AD transgenic AD (20-mahina) kahiko (APP / swePS1DeltaE9) hānai ʻia i kahi mana nui loa, hana waha, hoʻonui i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā mole neurotrophic i kapa ʻia ʻo J147. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻomeʻina hana cognitive, histology, ELISA a me Western blotting e hoʻāʻo i ka hopena o J147 i ka hoʻomanaʻo, amyloid metabolism a me nā ala neuroprotective. Ua hoʻokolokolo pū ʻia ʻo J147 i kahi hiʻohiʻona scopolamine-induced o ka hōʻino hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nāʻiole C57Bl / 6J a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka donepezil. Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka palekana o J147.
Nā hopena: Hōʻike ka ʻikepili ma aneʻi i ka hiki iā J147 ke hoʻopakele i nā hemahema o ka ʻike ke lawelawe ʻia ma kahi pae hope loa o ka maʻi. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hiki o J147 e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomanaʻo i nāʻiole AD ʻelemakule me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā kumu neurotrophic NGF (mea ulu ulu nerve) a me BDNF (lolo i loaʻa i ka neurotrophic factor) a me nā protein BDNF-pane pane i mea nui no ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ma waena o J147 a me donepezil i ka hoʻohālikelike scopolamine i hōʻike ʻia ʻoiai ua like nā ʻano like ʻelua i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo wā pōkole, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o J147 i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo spatial a me kahi hui pū o nā mea ʻelua i hana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hoʻomanaʻo cued.
Ka Hopena ma J-147 no AD
ʻO J147 kahi hui hou hoihoi loa i ikaika loa, palekana i ka hoʻopaʻa holoholona ʻana a me ka hana waha. ʻO J147 kahi mea kūpono AD therapeutic ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻolako koke nā pono ʻike, a he hiki nō paha iā ia ke kū a maliʻa ke hoʻohuli i ka holomua o ka maʻi i nā holoholona simptomas e like me ka hōʻike i kēia mau noiʻi.
Hoʻolālā ʻo J-147 i ka pilikia ʻelemakule
J-147 a me ʻO kaʻelemakule: Kahua Manawa
ʻO nāʻiole i mālama ʻia me J147 ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka ʻike, nā kīʻaha koko olakino i ka lolo a me nā hiʻohiʻona physiological i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia.
"I ka manawa mua, ʻo ka impetus e hoʻāʻo i kēia lāʻau i loko o kahi ʻano holoholona i like me 99% o nā hihia o Alzheimer," wahi a Antonio Currais, he lālā no ka Laboratory Neurobiology Cellular a Professor David Schubert ma Salk. "ʻAʻole mākou i wanana e ʻike mākou i kēia ʻano Anati-oo hoi hopena, akā ua hana ʻo J147 i nā ʻiole ʻelemakule e like me ko lākou wā ʻōpio, e pili ana i nā helu physiological. " "ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau i hoʻomohala ʻia i loko o 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei e māka ana i ka waiho ʻana o ka plaque amyloid i ka lolo (he hōʻailona ia o ka maʻi), ʻaʻohe mea i hōʻoia maikaʻi i ka haukapila," wahi a Schubert.
I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Schubert a me kāna mau hoa e hoʻokokoke i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi mai kahi kihi hou. Ma mua o ka target amyloid, ua hoʻoholo ke keʻena hoʻokolohua e zero i ka mea nui weliweli no ka maʻi - ʻelemakule. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā pale kelepona e pili ana i nā ʻona o ka lolo i pili i ka wā kahiko, synthesi lākou iā J147.
Ma mua, ua ʻike ka hui e hiki iā J147 ke pale a hoʻi i ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana a me ka pathology o Alzheimer i nāʻiole i loaʻa kahi mana o ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o Alzheimer, ka mana o ka ʻiole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia ʻano maʻi wale nō ma kahi o 1% o nā hihia o Alzheimer. No nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau, ʻo ka ʻelemakule ka mea nui makaʻu, wahi a Schubert. Ua makemake ka kime e ʻimi i nā hopena o ka moho lāʻau i ka lāhui o nāʻiole i kēlā makahiki me ka wikiwiki a ʻike i kahi mana o dementia e like me ke ʻano o ka maʻi kanaka e pili ana i ka makahiki.
J-147 a me Anti-ʻelemakule: ʻImi hoʻowalewale hoʻokolohua ma nāʻiole
I kēia hana hou loa, ua hoʻohana nā mea noiʻi i kahi hoʻonohonoho nui o nā hoʻokolohua e ana i ka hōʻike o nā gen āpau i ka lolo, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 mau mole liʻiliʻi e pili ana me ka metabolism i ka lolo a me ke koko o ʻekolu mau pūʻulu o nāʻiole ʻelemakule wikiwiki. ʻO nā hui ʻekolu o nā ʻiole ʻelemakule wikiwiki i komo i hoʻokahi ʻōpio, hoʻokahi ʻelemakule a hoʻokahi ʻelemakule akā ua hānai iā J147 i ko lākou ʻelemakule.
ʻO nā ʻiole kahiko i loaʻa iā J147 ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe no ka ʻike a hōʻike pū kekahi i nā neʻe kaʻa ikaika. ʻO nāʻiole i mālama ʻia me J147 he mau hōʻailona pathological hoʻi o Alzheimer i ko lākou lolo. ʻO ka mea nui, ma muli o ka nui o ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma nā hui ʻekolu o nāʻiole, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia he nui nā ʻano o ka haʻi a me ka metabolism i loko o nāʻiole kahiko i hānai ʻia iā J147 e like loa me nā holoholona ʻōpio. Hoʻopili kēia i nā māka no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikehu metabolism, hoʻemi i ka mumū o ka lolo a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā pae o nā momona momona oxidized i ka lolo.
ʻO kekahi hopena koʻikoʻi i kāohi ʻo J147 i ka kahe o ke koko mai nā microvessels i ka lolo o nā ʻiole kahiko. "ʻO nā kīʻaha koko i hōʻino ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka ʻelemakule i ka nui, a ma Alzheimer, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hewa," wahi a Currais.
ʻO AASraw ka mea hana ʻo Curcumin Derivative J-147.
E ʻoluʻolu e kaomi ma aneʻi no ka ʻike ʻōlelo.
Hana iā mākou
Ka hopena ma J-147 no ka pilikia ʻelemakule
Ua hoʻonui kaʻiole iā J147 i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikehu metabolism a hoʻemi i ka mumū o ka lolo. Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi he moho lāʻau hoʻowalewale hoʻokolohua i manaʻo ʻia e paio i ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer, i kapa ʻia ʻo J147, he pūʻali o kahi mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. hopena anti-ʻelemakule i nā holoholona.
Ua hōʻike ka kime o ka Salk Institute i ka hana maikaʻi ʻana o ka moho lāʻau i kahi mole ʻelemakule o ka ʻelemakule i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ma ka noiʻi a Alzheimer I ka mālama ʻia ʻana o kēia mau ʻiole me J147, ua ʻoi aku ko lākou hoʻomanaʻo a me ka ʻike, nā kīʻaha koko olakino i ka lolo a me nā hiʻohiʻona physiological i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo J-147 i ka maʻi depressive nui (MDD)
J-147 a me MDD: Kahope
ʻO ka maʻi kaumaha nui (MDD) kahi maʻi noʻonoʻo nui e pili ana i ka hemahema o nā neurotransmitters monoamine, e like me nā mea maʻamau ʻole o 5-HT (5-hydroxytr Egyptamine, serotonin) a me nā mea loaʻa iā ia. Ua hōʻike kā mākou noi mua ʻana i ka lapaʻau koʻikoʻi me kahi puke derivative curcumin J147 hōʻike i nā hopena antidepressant e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka lolo i loaʻa i ka neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pae i ka hippocampus o nāʻiole. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka noi o kēia manawa i kā mākou ʻike ma mua a ua ʻimi i nā hopena antidepressant e like me ka lapaʻau sub-koʻikoʻi o J147 no 3 mau lā i nāʻiole ICR kāne a me kona kūpono kūpono i nā mea loaʻa ʻo 5-HT1A a me 5-HT1B a me nā hōʻailona cAMP-BDNF i lalo.
J-147 a me MDD: Nānā i ka hoʻohālikelike derivation ma nāʻiole
Pākuhi: ʻO J147 ma nā kaha o 1, 3, a me 9 mg / kg (ma o gavage) i lawelawe ʻia no 3 mau lā, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka manawa anti-immobility i ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka huelo huelo (FST a me TST). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka radioligand hoʻopaʻa hoʻāʻo e hoʻoholo i ka pilina o J147 i ka 5-HT1A a me ka mea loaʻa ʻo 5-HT1B. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka agonist 5-HT1A a i ʻole 5-HT1B agagonist a i ʻole kāna antagonist e hoʻoholo i kahi subtype receptor 5-HT e pili ana i nā hopena antidepressant-like o J147. Ua ana ʻia nā mole i lalo e like me cAMP, PKA, pCREB, a me BDNF e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka hana.
Results: Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa sub-koʻikoʻi a J147 i hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa i ka manawa immobility i loko o ka FST a me ka TST ma kahi ʻano hilinaʻi lāʻau. Ua hōʻike ʻo J147 i ka pilina i loko o ka vitro i ka mea loaʻa he 5-HT1A i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka ʻiʻo mice a ua liʻiliʻi ka mana ma ka mea loaʻa 5-HT1B Ua ālai ʻia kēia mau hopena o J147 e ka hana mua ʻana me kahi antagonist 5-HT1A NAD-299 a hoʻonui ʻia e kahi agonist 5-HT1A 8-OH-DPAT. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole mahalo ʻo 5-HT1B receptor antagonist NAS-181 i nā hopena o J147 ma nā ʻano kaumaha. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pretreatment me NAD-299 i ālai ʻia i ka hoʻonui ʻana o J147 i ka cAMP, PKA, pCREB, a me ka ʻōlelo BDNF i ka hippocampus, ʻoiai ʻo 8-OH-DPAT i hoʻonui i nā hopena o J147 i kēia mau protein.
Ka hopena ma J-147 no ka maʻi depressive nui (MDD)
Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa e hoʻokomo ʻo J147 i nā hopena antidepressant wikiwiki i loko o kahi wā mālama 3 lā me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka lāʻau. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau hopena e 5-HT1A-hilinaʻi cAMP / PKA / pCREB / BDNF hōʻailona.
Nā noiʻi hou aʻe e pili ana iā J-147
※ T-006: Pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kēia ma mua o J-147
※ ʻO J147 kahi hydrazide phenyl i loaʻa mai ka curcumin hui kūlohelohe.
※ J147 he hapalua o ke ola o 2.5 hola i ka lolo, 1.5 hola i ka plasma, 4.5min i nā microsome kanaka, a me <4min i nā microsome iole.
Protected Hoʻomalu ka mālama ʻana i ka waha waha me J147 i ke aʻalolo sciatic mai ka lohi o ka mimikō holomua o ka wikiwiki me ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana i ka fiber me ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻohuli hou ʻana i ka allodynia i hoʻopili ʻia.
※ J147 mālama i lalo-regulated BACE, no laila e hoʻonui ana i ka APP (ʻo ka cleavage APP kūpono ʻole e ala aʻe iā Aβ).
※ ʻO ka subito mitochondrial α-F1 o ATP synthase (ATP5A) ma ke ʻano he kiʻekiʻena molekiola nui o J147, kahi protein i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua i ka pōʻaiapili o ka ʻelemakule ... he kaukaʻi hilinaʻi ʻia ma ATP5a.
Restored J147 hoʻihoʻi i nā pae o acylcarnitines e hōʻike nei i kahi hopena maikaʻi i nā dynamics mitochondrial.
※ I nā mea loaʻa NMDA, T-006 kaohi i ke komo nui ʻana o Ca2 +.
He kuleana pale ʻo T-006 i kēia ʻōnaehana ma o ka pāpā ʻana i ke ala MAPK / ERK a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke ala PI3-K / Akt.
※ Nā huahana like ʻole e like me 3j (dicyanovinyl-substitut J147 analogue) hiki ke kāohi i ka oligomerization a me ka fibrillation o nā peptides amy-amyloid a pale i nā hunaola neuronal mai ka cytotoxicity i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka amy-amyloid.
Ma hea e kūʻai ai i ka Powder J-147?
ʻO ka loio o kēia nootropic he iwi o ka paio akā ʻaʻole ia e pāpā iā ʻoe mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana kūpono. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ke holo nei nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua J-147 Alzheimer. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka pauka i nā hale kūʻai pūnaewele ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka pono e hoʻohālikelike i nā kumukūʻai J-147 ma waena o nā mea kūʻai aku like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻoe e nānā i ke kūʻai aku a puni mai nā mea hoʻolako kūpono me nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kūʻokoʻa.
Inā makemake ʻoe i kekahi J-147 no ke kūʻai aku, nānā me kā mākou hale kūʻai. Hāʻawi mākou i nā nootropics he nui ma lalo o ka kaohi maikaʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka nui a i ʻole ke kūʻai ʻana i hoʻokahi kūʻai aku i kāu pahuhopu psychonautic. E hoʻomaopopo ia, ʻoluʻolu ke kumukūʻai J-147 ke kūʻai wale ʻoe i nā nui.
ʻO AASraw ka mea hana ʻo Curcumin Derivative J-147.
E ʻoluʻolu e kaomi ma aneʻi no ka ʻike ʻōlelo.
Hana iā mākou
ʻO AASraw ka mea hana loea o ka pauka J-147 nona ka lab kūʻokoʻa a me ka hale hana nui e like me ke kākoʻo, e hoʻokō ʻia nā hana āpau ma lalo o ke kānāwai CGMP a me ka ʻōnaehana mālama maikaʻi. Paʻa ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolako, ʻae ʻia nā kauoha kūʻai a me nā mea kūʻai.
E kiʻi mai iaʻu i kēia manawaMea kākau o kēia ʻatikala:
Kauka Monique Ua puka 'o Hong mai ke Kula Nui o UK Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine
Mea kākau moʻolelo puke moʻolelo ʻepekema:
Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
2.Xiaoyu Pan
Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Lapaʻau a me Pharmacology, ʻO ka Halemai Hoʻohui ʻelua a me ka Halemaʻi keiki Yuying o Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Kina.
Ke Kulanui o Groningen, Netherlands.
Keʻena o Bioscience a me Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
5.Min Wang
Keʻena o Radiology and Imaging Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, lumi 202, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Kina.
ʻAʻole ʻae kēia kauka/ ʻepekema i ke kūʻai, kūʻai ʻana, a hoʻohana paha i kēia huahana no kekahi kumu. ʻAʻohe pili a pili ʻole ʻo Aasraw, i hōʻike ʻia a i ʻole, me kēia kauka. ʻO ke kumu o ka haʻi ʻana i kēia kauka, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi, hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala piha i hana ʻia e nā ʻepekema e hana nei i kēia mea.