ʻO Pregabalin ka lepo

Pregabalin Powder Video-AAsraw

Nā Kiʻi Kumu

He aha ka pauka pregabalin?

ʻO ka pauka Pregabalin kahi lāʻau lapaʻau gabapentin e hana ana ma ke kāohi ʻana i nā kahawai calcium kikoʻī. Pregabalin Ua hoʻolālā mua ʻia ka pauka no ka mālama ʻana i ka epilepsy no ka mea ua like kona ʻano hana me ka gabapentin, hiki ke pale i ka hopu ʻana ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kahawai calcium e hilinaʻi ana i ka uila i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena. I loko o nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, akā naʻe, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi he maikaʻi loa ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha. Hoʻemi ka pauka Pregabalin i ka ʻeha neuropathic, neuropathy peripheral diabetic, a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. me Gaba nā pae i loko o ke kino a ke kāohi nei i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā neurotransmitters excitatory. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka Pregabalin e mālama i kekahi mau maʻi ʻeha, me ka fibromyalgia a me ka neuralgia postherpetic. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pauka pregabalin i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano ʻeha like ʻole a ua puka mai ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha neuropathic.

Pehea e hana ai ka pregabalin i ke kino?

Ua like ke ʻano o ka hana a Pregabalin me ka gabapentin, a ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā hopena anticonvulsant a me analgesic i nā ʻano holoholona he nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hana. Ua like ke ʻano o Pregabalin me ka neurotransmitter GABA, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia hana ma ke ano like. He ʻokoʻa kēia lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā lāʻau antiepileptic maʻamau. I loko o ka pae hoʻonaʻauao kūpono, ʻaʻohe hopena i nā mea loaʻa GABAA a i ʻole GABAB. ʻAʻole ia i hoʻololi ʻia i GABA a i ʻole GABA agonist, ʻaʻole hoʻi e kāohi i ka uptake a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o GABA, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hana i nā kahawai sodium a i ʻole calcium, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka uptake o ka glutamate.

ʻO ka pauka Pregabalin, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe pilina no ka glutamic acid, GABA, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻokipa amino acid ʻē aʻe, akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka paʻa ʻana o GABA i ka calcium ion channel 2 a me nā subreceptors a kāohi i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena. ʻO kahi subunit 2-protein o nā kaha calcium e pili ana i ka volta e pale ai i ka komo ʻana o ka calcium ion, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā neurotransmitters excitatory e like me ka glutamate, norepinephrine, a me ka waiwai P a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka GABAergic neurotransmission. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka pregabalin ke hoʻonui nui i nā pae GABA i ke kino, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka pregabalin hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ka hana decarboxylase glutamic acid.

Moolelo o ka hoohana ana i ka pauka Pregabalin

I nā makahiki 1950, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi neurotransmitter inhibitory i kapa ʻia ʻo gamma-aminobutyric acid, a i ʻole GABA no ka pōkole. ʻO GABA kahi neurotransmitter e hana ana i nā mea loaʻa GABA i ke kino kanaka. Manaʻo ka poʻe he hiki i ka GABA haʻahaʻa ke hoʻoulu i ka epilepsy a pili pū kekahi GABA me ka ʻeha ma muli o kona hopena pale. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o GABA a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kāna ʻano hana hana lāʻau i hopena i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau anti-epileptic hou, ʻo ka pregabalin ka mea kaulana loa.

ʻO ka pauka Pregabalin he a lāʻau lapaʻau nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, me ka neuralgia peripheral diabetic, postherpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, a me ka ʻeha neuropathic mai nā ʻeha spinal cord i nā pākeke, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Mai ka loaʻa ʻana o pregabalin, ua hoʻomau ʻia kona hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.

√ I ʻAukake 2003, ua waiho mua ʻo Pfizer i kahi noi no ke kākau inoa ʻana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

√ I Dekemaba 2004, ka ʻO US FDA pregabalin i ʻae ʻia no ka neuralgia peripheral diabetic a me ka neuralgia postherpetic.

√ I Iune 2005, ua ʻae ʻia ka pregabalin ma ke ʻano he adjunct lāʻau lapaʻau o ka hoʻomaka hapa.

√ I Iune 2007, ua ʻae ʻia ka pregabalin e ka US FDA e like me ka mea mua lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo ka maʻi fibromyalgia.

√ I Iune 2012, ka Uaʻaeʻiaʻo FDA ʻO pregabalin ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua e mālama i ka neuralgia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻeha spinal cord.

√ I Malaki 2019, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pregabalin no ka mālama ʻana i ka fibromyalgia ma Kina.

I kēia manawa, ua ʻae ʻia ka pregabalin no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha neuropathic ma mua o 40 mau ʻāina, me ʻEulopa, Kanada, a me Mexico.

ʻOiai ua loaʻa ākea ka pauka pregabalin ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, he mea nui ia e hana akahele i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ai kūʻai i pregabalin a kūʻai wale mai ia mai nā kumu kaulana. He nui nā mea hana pregabalin a me nā mea hoʻolako e ʻōlelo nei e hoʻolako lākou i ka pregabalin o ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻaʻole pono nā pauka pregabalin a pau. ʻO ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā kumu i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​mākeke pūnaewele hiki ke pilikia a hiki ke hopena i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana hoʻopunipuni.

Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka Pregabalin

Pregabalin ka lehu he lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e hāʻawi ana i ka nui o nā pono no ka poʻe me nā maʻi olakino like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā kūlana maʻamau e hiki ke pōmaikaʻi mai ka hoʻohana ʻana AASraw pregabalin pauka e komo pū me ka neuropathy diabetic peripheral, neuralgia postherpetic, epilepsy hapa, fibromyalgia, ʻeha neuropathic, a me ka maʻi hopohopo ākea.

· ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi neuropathy (DPN)

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻamau (DPN) kahi hopena maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi type 1 a me ke ʻano 2, e pili ana ma kahi o 30-40% o ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā hōʻailona o kēia maʻi aʻalolo ma nā lima a me nā wāwae e pili ana i ka ʻeha, nāwaliwali, a me ka nalowale o ka naʻau. ʻO ka pauka Pregabalin ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua no DPN, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻomaha ʻeha nui a ke kamaʻilio pū nei hoʻi i nā comorbidities e like me ka hopohopo a me ka insomnia. Pono ka noiʻi hou aʻe, akā, e hoʻomaopopo loa i ka hopena therapeutic o pregabalin i ka hopohopo a me nā maʻi hiamoe, a me ka ʻike i nā kānaka e pōmaikaʻi ai ʻoi loa mai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau.

· ʻO Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN)

ʻO ka postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) kahi maʻi ʻeha mau loa e hiki ke ulu ma hope o kahi maʻi maʻi herpes zoster a lilo i mea maʻamau e like me ka makahiki o ka poʻe maʻi. Hiki ke paʻakikī ka PHN e mālama a koi pinepine i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau he nui i mea e loaʻa ai ka hōʻemi ʻeha. ʻO ka pauka Pregabalin ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou loa e ʻae ʻia no PHN. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili i ka pono no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hiamoe i hana ʻia e PHN i nā maʻi i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe hoʻohālikelike pololei, ua like ka pregabalin me ka gabapentin a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua no ka mālama ʻana i ka PHN.

· Epilepsy hapa

Ua laikini ʻia ka pauka Pregabalin a kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano he antiepileptic lāʻau no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻohui o ka epilepsy hapa. Hana ia ma nā kahawai calcium presynaptic, hoʻololi i ka hoʻokuʻu neurotransmitter i ka CNS. ʻEkolu multi-center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials e kākau inoa ana i nā poʻe maʻi me ka refractory partial epilepsy i hōʻike i kahi hopena antiepileptic o pregabalin e kūʻē i ka placebo ma ke ʻano he adjunctive therapy, me 31-41% o nā mea maʻi e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka 50% o ka pinepine hopu.

· Fibromyalgia

Manaʻo ʻia ka pauka Pregabalin e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ʻeha fibromyalgia ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻolaha sensory o ka nociception ma o ka paʻa ʻana o ke kahawai calcium a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka neurotransmitter ma ke ala e piʻi ai. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ʻo Pregabalin e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pae glutamate a me ka glutamine ma ka insula hope o nā maʻi fibromyalgia, ke keʻakeʻa nei i kāna pili hana i ka pūnaewele mode default.

ʻO nā haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao occipital nerve (ONS) ma nā maʻi fibromyalgia e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻeha. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Pregabalin i nā hopena i ka iho ʻana o ka ʻeha i nā ʻiole i ʻeha ʻia; No laila, hiki i nā hopena koʻikoʻi o pregabalin ke kōkua i kona pono i ka mālama ʻana i ka fibromyalgia.

· ʻEha ʻO Neuropathic

ʻO ka pauka Pregabalin he antagonist-gated Ca2 + channel e hoʻopaʻa wale i ka subunit alpha-2-delta e hana i nā hopena analgesic. Hoʻōla maikaʻi ia i nā hōʻailona o nā ʻano ʻeha neuropathic a ua ulu aʻe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau lapaʻau mua me ka palekana a me ka pono. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ma ka noiʻi preclinical i nā ʻano holoholona he nui o ka ʻeha neuropathic e pono i ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻailona e like me allodynia a me hyperalgesia.

· ʻO ka maʻi kūpilikiʻi maʻamau (GAD)

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pregabalin i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi hopohopo nui (GAD). Ma kahi loiloi koʻikoʻi, ʻehiku o ʻewalu mau hoʻokolohua randomized a hoʻomalu ʻia i hōʻike i nā hōʻemi koʻikoʻi ma ka Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale me nā pregabalin powder doses mai 150 a 600 mg. Ma kahi noiʻi ʻokoʻa e pili ana i nā maʻi GAD i loaʻa i ka lāʻau pregabalin pauka no nā wiki 12-24, ua haʻahaʻa ka hopena o nā hōʻailona withdrawal a me ka hopohopo hou ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana. Pregabalin hiki i ka pauda ke lilo i mea pono koho lapaʻau no nā maʻi me GAD i pane maikaʻi ʻole i ka lāʻau antidepressant.

E mālama: No ka mea pili ka pono maoli o pregabalin i ka ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, he mea koʻikoʻi ke kūʻai aku i ka pauka pregabalin kiʻekiʻe. ʻO Pregabalin raw pauka mea hoʻolako KANAKA hana a hoʻolako i ka pregabalin raw pauka me nā kūlana hana koʻikoʻi. Inā makemake ʻoe, ʻo ka pauka pregabalin AASraw kahi koho maikaʻi.

He aha nā hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka Pregabalin?

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao nā hopena o ka pauka pregabalin ua like ia me nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hopena lāʻau maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pregabalin penei:

· Maʻa mau loa (>10%):

Hoʻoponopono

Ka maikaʻi

· Maʻamau (1-10%):

ʻO ka hihiʻo pōʻino

ʻO Diplopia

Euphoria

Kū'ē

Hoʻonui i ka ʻai a me ke kaumaha ma hope

· ʻAʻole maʻamau (0.1–1%):

Hypoglycemia

Hāmeʻa

ʻO ka māmā

ʻO Myalgia

ʻO Arthralgia

ʻO ka Thrombocytopenia

ʻO nā koki koki

E mālama: Inā ʻo ka aoao waiwai mai emi malie a nalowale, e imi koke i ka lapaau. Ma waho aʻe, e ʻoluʻolu e kūʻai i nā huahana kūpono e hōʻemi aoao waiwai.

ʻO ka Dosage a me ka Administration of Pregabalin Powder for Reference

Eia ka pakuhi o ka mea i paipai ʻia ka nui o ka pauka pregabalin no nā kūlana olakino like ʻole:

'Ōlelo Aʻo: He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo he mau kuhikuhi maʻamau kēia mau dosages a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ma muli o nā kumu pilikino, e like me ka makahiki, ke kaumaha, a me ka mōʻaukala olakino. Eia hou, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka dosage i ka manawa ma muli o ka pane ʻana o kēlā me kēia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao a lākou e ʻike ai. He mea nui e kamaʻilio me kahi mea mālama ola e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano kūpono no kēlā me kēia kūlana olakino.

Ma hea e kūʻai ai i ka Pregabalin Powder?

Loaʻa ka Pregabalin ma ka pūnaewele a me ka offline, akā pono ʻoe e koho pono i kāu mea hoʻolako e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pauka pregabalin maʻemaʻe. Ke koho ʻana i kahi mea hoʻolako no ka pauka pregabalin, aia kekahi mau mea nui e noʻonoʻo ai. ʻO ka mea mua a me ka mea nui, he mea koʻikoʻi ia e hōʻoia i ka mea kūʻai aku he mea kaulana a hilinaʻi. E ʻimi i nā mea hoʻolako i loaʻa kahi moʻolelo o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe nā huahana a me ka lawelawe mea kūʻai aku hilinaʻi. Eia hou, makemake paha ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā mea e like me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kauoha, nā manawa hoʻouna, a me nā koho uku. ʻO ka mea hope loa, he manaʻo maikaʻi e heluhelu i nā loiloi a noi aku i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mai nā mea kūʻai aku e loaʻa i kahi manaʻo o ka inoa o ka mea hoʻolako a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hauʻoli o ka mea kūʻai aku. Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia mau mea, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i kahi mea hoʻolako pregabalin pauka e hoʻokō i kāu mau pono a hāʻawi i nā huahana a me nā lawelawe kiʻekiʻe.

KANAKA ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hana kaulana loa a me nā mea hoʻolako i ka pauka pregabalin, ka mea i hana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pauka pregabalin kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i nā mea kūʻai aku a puni ka honua. Ma waho aʻe, loaʻa iā AASraw kahi hui o nā poʻe loea e hōʻoia i kā mākou huahana āpau i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi a me ka maʻemaʻe. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻo AASraw i ka ʻenehana a me nā lako hana i hana i ka pauka pregabalin ʻaʻohe haumia a me nā mea haumia. ʻO ka mea hope loa, loaʻa iā AASraw kahi kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi e hōʻoia i kēlā me kēia pūʻulu pregabalin hoʻāʻo ʻia ka pauda no ka maemae a me ka ikaika.

Hōʻike hōʻike hoʻāʻo ʻo Raw Pregabalin Powder- HNMR

He aha ka HNMR a he aha ka HNMR spectrum e haʻi iā ʻoe? ʻO H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (INMR) spectroscopy kahi ʻenehana kemika analytical i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻokele maikaʻi a me ka noiʻi no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻike a me ka maʻemaʻe o kahi laʻana a me kona ʻano molekala. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka NMR ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui pū ʻia i ʻike ʻia. No nā pūhui i ʻike ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka NMR (a i ʻole e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hale waihona puke spectral a i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale pololei i ke ʻano kumu. e like me ka hoʻololi conformational, hoʻololi i ka pae, solubility, a me ka diffusion.

Pregabalin Powder(148553-50-8)-COA

Pregabalin Powder(148553-50-8)-COA

Pehea e kūʻai ai i ka pauka pregabalin mai AASraw?

❶E hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou ma kā mākou ʻōnaehana nīnau leka uila, a i ʻole e waiho i kāu helu WhatsApp, e hoʻopili aku kā mākou mea kūʻai aku (CSR) iā ʻoe i nā hola 12.

❷E hāʻawi iā mākou i kāu helu a me kāu helu wahi i nīnau ʻia.

❸Na kā mākou CSR e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo, ka manawa uku, ka helu ʻimi, nā ala lawe, a me ka lā i manaʻo ʻia e hiki mai ai (ETA).

❹Hoʻopau ʻia ka uku a hoʻouna ʻia nā waiwai i nā hola 12.

❺ Loaʻa nā waiwai a hāʻawi i nā manaʻo.

Mea kākau o kēia ʻatikala:
Kauka Monique Ua puka 'o Hong mai ke Kula Nui o UK Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine

Mea kākau moʻolelo puke moʻolelo ʻepekema:
1. Alexandra M. Stein
ʻOihana Orthopedic, Hôpital Cochin Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, Farani
2. Tomoya Akashi
Kumu o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Iapana
3. HR Martínez
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina a me Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey NL, Mexico
4. Markus Dold
4.Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
ʻAʻole ʻae kēia kauka/ ʻepekema i ke kūʻai, kūʻai ʻana, a hoʻohana paha i kēia huahana no kekahi kumu. ʻAʻohe pili a pili ʻole ʻo Aasraw, i hōʻike ʻia a i ʻole, me kēia kauka. ʻO ke kumu o ka haʻi ʻana i kēia kauka, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala piha i hana ʻia e nā ʻepekema e hana nei i kēia mea.

Reference

[1] MC Walker, JW Sander. Paʻakikī i ka extrapolating mai ka ʻikepili hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i ka hana lapaʻau: ka hihia o nā lāʻau antiepileptic. Neurology, 49 (1997), pp. 333-337

[2] MJ Field, RJ Oles, L. Singh. Pregabalin hiki ke hōʻike i kahi papa hou o nā mea anxiolytic me kahi ākea ākea o ka hana. Br J Pharmacol, 132 (2001), pp. 1-4

[3] Hong JS, Atkinson LZ, Al-Juffali N, Awad A, Geddes JR, Tunbridge EM, et al. (Malaki 2022). "Gabapentin a me ka pregabalin i ka maʻi bipolar, nā kūlana hopohopo, a me ka insomnia: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and rationale". Molecular Psychiatry. 27 (3): 1339–1349.

[4] Freynhagen R, Baron R, Kawaguchi Y, Malik RA, Martire DL, Parsons B, et al. (Ianuali 2021). "Pregabalin no ka ʻeha neuropathic i nā hoʻonohonoho mālama mua: nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka dosing a me ka titration". Lapaʻau Postgraduate. Informa UK Limited. 133 (1): 1–9.

[5] Slee A, Nazareth I, Bondaronek P, Liu Y, Cheng Z, Freemantle N (Pepeluali 2019). "Nā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau no ka maʻi hopohopo ākea: kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me ka meta-analysis pūnaewele" (PDF). Lancet. 393 (10173): 768–777.

E kiʻi i kahi hōʻaiʻē nui