Pauka Urolithin

1.Urolithin A Backgroud

ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi puʻuwai o Pomegranate i alakaʻi i nā mea noiʻi e ʻimi i nā ala e hiki ai i kēia hua ʻulaʻula ke mālama iā mākou i ke olakino. I kahi mea i loaʻa hou nei, ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi Swiss i kahi moleula hou i hopena ʻia mai ka ʻeli ʻana i ʻelua pūhui i loaʻa i nā pomegerane: punicalagins a me ellagitannins. ʻO kēia mole mole ʻokoʻa, i ʻike ʻia ʻo urolithin A, kōkua i ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana i ka mitochondria, ko kāua mau hale paʻalima paʻalima. Wehe ʻia ʻo Urolithin A i ka puka i nā hana hoʻoponopono hou e kūʻē i nā maʻi e pili ana i nā makahiki, e like me ka nāwaliwali, kahi pilikia no ke kīnā, nā haukapila, a me ka make ʻana.

2.Urolithin A Overview

ʻO Urolithin A kahi hui metabolite, i pili i ka papa o nā meaola i kapa ʻia ʻo benzo-coumarins. ʻO ia ka huahana hopena i hana ʻia mai ka ʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai i loaʻa nā ellagitannins (polyphenols) a hoʻopili ʻia e ka bacteria bacteria ʻōpū o ke kino. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia ʻo Urolithin A ke komo i loko o kekahi i nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa nā ellagitannins.

ʻAʻole kūlohelohe ʻo Urolithin A i kona ʻano hopena. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia me nā kumuwaiwai Ellagitannin, e like me kekahi ʻano hua a me nā pomeraite, me nā koʻohune pūpū e hana ʻia ai. I mea e hiki ai i ka hui ke hoʻopili i nā noi pono, pono e hana ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hana, a i ʻole i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, pono e hana ʻia kahi Urolithin A i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.

3.Urolithin He Mechanism of Action

Pehea e hana ai ʻo Urolithin A? ʻO Ellagic acid a me Ellagitannins ʻo Urolithin A i hele mua.

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Ellagitannins mai ka ʻōpū a hoʻokuʻu i ka waikawa Ellagic, a hana ʻia kēia mai ka microflora ʻōpū i nā urolithins ma o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka 1 o kāna mau lactones ʻelua i ka hemo ʻana o nā hui hydroxyl. Ke hoʻopau ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpū, a laila Urolithin A komo ka pauka i ke kahe o kēia ʻōpū.

ʻO Mitophagy, e like me ka wehewehe ʻana o Wikipedia, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa koho ʻana o kāu mitochondria e autophagy. Kū pinepine ia i ka mitochondria hemahema ma hope o ka hōʻino a koʻikoʻi paha. Eia nō naʻe, i ko mākou mau makahiki, lilo ka hana Mitophagy i mea maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka mea laki, ʻae ʻia ʻo Urolithin A e hoʻonāukiuki i ka mitophagy i kahi ʻano mālama ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.

4. Nā Pono / Nā hopena o Urolithin A

❶ ʻO Urolithin A kōkua i ka hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻOiai ka mālama ʻoki kino ʻana a me ka chemotherapy, aneane 50% o ka poʻe me nā maʻi maʻi kala e hoʻomōhala i nā tumors hou. ʻO kēia paha ma muli o ke ola ʻana o nā cell stem-cancer weliweli e pale aku i ka chemotherapy maʻamau a hana ma ke ʻano he '' ʻanoʻano '' no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. 6
I kahi mea hoihoi loa, ua wehe nā kānaka noiʻi i nā hunaola koʻokoʻo kolone-maʻi mai ka mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai kala i kekahi hui i piha me 85% urolithin A a i ʻole 30% urolithin A. He mea mahalo nā hopena. ʻO ka urolithin kiʻekiʻe He hopena paʻa ka mea i ʻoi loa i ka pāpā ʻana i ka helu a me ka nui o nā hunaola koʻohune a me ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana o aldehyde dehydrogenase, kahi māka o chemoresistance.

❷ Urolithin A — Nā hopena neuroprotective

ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka pomegerane a me nā hopena neuroprotective e pili ana i ka maʻi o Alzheimer ua hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia i nā noiʻi holoholona.8 Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā meaola bioactive no kēia hana a hiki i kēia manawa.
Manaʻo ʻia ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer ma luna o 115 miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ka makahiki 2050. Ua nānā kahi hui o nā kānaka noiʻi i kahi noiʻi holoholona i hala e hōʻike ana i nā hopena anti-Alzheimer o nā pomegranate extract constituents.
Ua loiloi ka hui i ka hiki o kēia mau mea ke hele i ka pale o ka lolo a ʻike i kahi methylated form of urolithin A (mUA), i loaʻa mai i ka pomegranate, me nā urolithins ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hana pēlā.
A, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noiʻi e pono ai, ua hoʻoholo nā mea kākau i nā urolithins i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia no ka hopena anti-Alzheimer e pili pū me ka pale ʻana i ka neurotoxicity a me ka b-amyloid fibrillation. Ke hoʻohiki nei kēia mau hopena, a hōʻike i ka pono no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka papaʻai kūlohelohe maoli no ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka holomua o Alzheimer.
Kākoʻo nā hopena a me nā ʻikepili mai kēia mau ʻano like ʻole i ke koʻikoʻi o nā hui metabolite polyphenol e like me urolithin A mai ka pomegranate a me kā lākou kuleana i ke kaua me ka maʻi ʻaʻai kolona a me nā maʻi neurodegenerative.
Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā noiʻi e hiki i ka Urolithin A ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻomanawanui i ka poʻe ʻelemakule. Hōʻike nā noiʻi hou e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻike mua e hoʻohiki ana i nā pono ʻē aʻe o Urolithin A, i hoʻopili pū ʻia me kēia:

-ʻAno-hoʻoʻino
-Aticarcinogenic
-He mea hoʻopalekana
-ʻOhana
-ʻO Antimicrobial

ʻIke nui ʻia ʻo Urolithin A ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua i nā huahana protein e hoʻonui ai i nā hopena o ka hoʻoikaika kino, a e hōʻemi ai hoʻi i ka momona.

5.Urolithin A nā hopena ʻaoʻao

I ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolohua kanaka i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei, ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi i hōʻike ʻia. I nā noiʻi ʻana ma luna o ke kaʻina o nā hana preclinical a me nā hoʻokolohua, aia paha he hōʻike e kākoʻo i ka palekana o Urolithin A hoʻohana.

ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻona, ʻoiai i loko o nā noiʻi i pili i ka mahele lāʻau kiʻekiʻe i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻiole i loko o ia ʻano noiʻi.

6.Urolithin A Meaʻai

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻaʻole kūlohelohe ʻo Urolithin A i kona ʻano hopena. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia e loaʻa i nā ʻano meaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa i ka mea mua o ka hui i kekahi mau hua a me nā hua. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa nā ellagitannins e like me ka pomegerane, raspberry, strawberry, cloudberry, a me nā walnuts kekahi mau laʻana.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā ellagitannins i kēia mau huaʻai a me nā hua hua i loko o ka ʻōpū e hana i ka waikawa ellagic, a laila hana hou ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū a hoʻopili ʻia me ka microflora ʻōpū i loko o Urolithin A.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole ʻo Urolithin A i hana mau ʻia ke inu ʻia. ʻAʻohe o kahi ʻāpana o nā kānaka i loaʻa kahi hui olakino o microflora e pono ai e hoʻohuli i ka waikawa ellagic i Urolithin A. ʻO ia hoʻi ʻaʻole e hana nā mea āpau iā Urolithin A i loko o kā lākou ʻōpū inā ʻai lākou i ka pomegerane, nā walnuts, a me nā hua. Aia ia i ka bacteria ʻōpū i loko o kou kino.

7.Urolithin He Kaʻina Hana Hana

Hana ʻia ʻo Urolithin A ma o nā synthes kemika e hoʻohana ana i kekahi o nā kaʻina hana ʻelua i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo. Pili nā hana ʻelua i ka hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana o Ullmann, a ukali ʻia e kahi lāʻau acid ʻo Lewis e hāʻawi i kahi urolithin huikala hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka huahana hope loa e nā ʻano maʻamau o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, kānana ʻia, holoi ʻia, a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia e loaʻa ai ka urolithin A. A laila hāʻawi ʻia ka huahana i kahi hōʻemi o ka nui o nā ʻāpana.

Wahi a nā hana i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia, hana ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ʻo Urolithin A paukū ma nā ʻanuʻu nui i kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī o 99%. Nā Pono a me nā ʻanuʻu hana e pili ana i ka synthesly o urolithin A me 2-Bromo-5-methoxy benzoic acid, 2-Bromo-5-hydroxy benzoic acid, Resorcinol, 50% sodium hydroxide, Copper sulfate pentahydrate, Methanol, Aluminium chloride, Toluene , DMSO, Methanol, Acetic Acid, a me TBME (tert-butyl-methyl ether).

8. ʻO Urolithin A VS ʻO Urolithin A

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻo Urolithin A kahi metabolite bacterial bacterial o ellagitannins (ET) a i ʻole ellagic acid (EA). Inā makemake ʻoe e kiʻi i kahi nui nui o Urolithin A, pono ʻoe e ʻai mua i nā hua nui, a laila e kali iā lākou e hoʻoneʻe mai ellagitannins a me el acid acid i Urolithin A. He lōʻihi kēia hana, a haʻahaʻa kona maʻemaʻe, a ʻo ka mea nui loa. , pipiʻi loa ia e hana pēlā.

ʻAʻole i kēlā me kēia kanaka ka microflora kūpono e hiki ke hana i ka metabolite. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i kēia kaʻina hana i ka hana nui i kahi hale hana kūpono e like me GMP.

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, ma ke ʻano he mea hou, Urolithin A i loaʻa hope loa ʻia ma 2019 mai Cima Science. Hiki ke synthesize ʻia i kēia manawa i ka lab a me ka hale hana. Kūlike ka urolithin A synthetic i ka hanana i ka urolithin kūlohelohe A. ʻO ka hiki ke hana a hiki i 3000 kgs a i ʻole 2.5 ton / mahina.

9.Urolithin A Palekana

Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Urolithin A e ka European Union ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai.

Na ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) i ka makahiki 2018 i hāʻawi aku iā urolithin A i kona kūlana GRAS i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana hoʻopiha hoʻopono. GRAS ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo Urolithin A ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he palekana me kahi ana o 500mg a 1 gram i kēlā me kēia lawelawe.

ʻO Urolithin Ua noiʻi ʻia kahi palekana ma ke kaʻina o nā hoʻokolohua preclinical a me nā hoʻokolohua, kahi e paipai ai i kona palekana olakino no kāna hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO nā hana i hana hou ʻia he 28 mau lā a me 90 mau lā o ka urolithin A i nāʻiole ʻaʻole i hōʻike i kahi hopena toxological i kekahi o nā palena i ana ʻia i nā ʻano o nā ʻano i hoʻāʻo ʻia.

10.Welcome E kūʻai i ka Urolithin A / Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether Bulk Powder mai AASraw!

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka urolithin A, nā hopena mai nā punicalagins a me nā ellagitannins i loaʻa i nā pomegerane, hāʻawi i nā manawa hou e hakakā i ka emi o ka makahiki o ka hana mitochondrial a me ka hopena o ka nāwaliwali a me ka nalo ʻana o nāʻiʻo.

Ma ke kōkua ʻana i nā hunaola e hoʻomaikaʻi hou iā lākou iho a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o nā mākala, ka pomegranate extract a me kāna metabolite hou i ʻike ʻia, urolithin A - hiki ke hōʻike kūleʻa.

Me kēia mau ʻike, loaʻa nā hōʻike kākoʻo o nā hopena ikaika a ka urolithin A e kūʻē ai i ka maʻi o Alzheimer a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e hāʻawi ana i kahi mea hana hou e kaua aku i kēia mau kūlana weliweli e pili ana i ka poʻe ʻelemakule.

Wehe ʻia kēia ala meaʻai i nā mea hiki ʻole ke mākaʻikaʻi ʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kahiko. Inā makemake ʻoe e kūʻai i ka pauka Urolithin A / Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether kaola, AASraw maliʻa he koho maikaʻi.

11. Urolithin A VS Urolithin B

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Urolithin B a me Urolithin A pauka i nā mea hoʻohui, akā me nā pono hana like ʻole. Hana lākou me kahi ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻO Urolithin A ka mea nui no ka Anti-aging formula no kāna ʻano mitophagy aʻo ka urolithin B i loko o ke ʻano meaʻai meaʻai haʻuki ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika kino.

ʻO Urolithin A kahi pūhui i noiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, ua manaʻo ʻia he palekana (GRAS) e ka FDA, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo urolithin B. Nui aʻe nā mea hoʻohui e hoʻohana ana i ka urolithin A ma mua o ka urolithin B.

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Urolithin A a me Urolithin B. Loaʻa i ka extract pomegranate kēia mau urolithins ʻelua. ʻO ka pomegerane ka zenith o nā hua. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ko lākou mau ʻāpana e ka pua o ka ʻōpū i urolithin C a laila hoʻololi hou ʻia i Urolithin D a me A, a laila ʻo Urolithin B. Ma kēia ʻano, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka urolithin A i urolithin B.

ʻO ka hopena, hiki ke loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka urolithin B i loko o ke koko o ka poʻe i hānai ʻia me ka extract pomegerane; akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o kāna mau antioxidant a me nā mea anti-inflammatory ma mua o ka urolithins A. Eia naʻe, loaʻa i ka urolithin B kona pono ponoʻī ma mua o ka urolithin A. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka ʻiʻo a hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo.

12.Urolithin B wehewehe

ʻO Urolithin B kahi urolithin, he ʻano o ka pūnao i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i loko o ke ake kanaka ma hope o ke kao ʻana o ka ʻai o ellagitannins e like me ka pomegerane, nā huaʻala, nā ʻōpala ʻulaʻula, nā walnuts a i ʻole uaina ʻula ʻula ʻula. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Urolithin B i ka urine ma ke ʻano o ka urolithin B glucuronide.

ʻO Urolithin B kekahi huahana kūlohelohe me ka antiproliferative a me ka hana antioxidant. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Urolithin B e ka metabolism mai nā polyphenols i loaʻa i kekahi mau nati a me nā huaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pomegranates. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Urolithin B e hele i ka pale o ka lolo, a loaʻa paha nā hopena neuroprotective e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer.

13. Urolithin B Mechanism of Action

Hoʻoemi ia i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka protein a hoʻoulu i ka hypertrophy muscle. Ke kāohi nei ʻo Urolithin B i ka hana o aromatase, kahi enzyme e hoʻopili ana i ka estrogen a me ka testosterone.

ʻO Urolithin B kahi huahana kūlohelohe me ka antiproliferative a me ka hana antioxidant. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Urolithin B e ka metabolism mai nā polyphenols i loaʻa i kekahi mau nati a me nā huaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pomegranates. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Urolithin B e hele i ka pale o ka lolo, a loaʻa paha nā hopena neuroprotective e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer.

14. Urolithin B noi

ʻOiai ke aʻo ʻana i ka anti-inflammatory a me nā waiwai antioxidant o nā urolithins A a me B, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi UCL i ka hopena o ka hopena i nā pale. 'ʻO nā pūnaewele musele i ka moʻomeheu i pili i ka urolithin B a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻole. Ua makemake mākou e ʻike i ke kumu.

ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻopaʻa lākou i ka waiwai i loko o ka vitro a loaʻa ka hopena o ka urolithin B: hoʻoulu ia i ka synthes protein protein a lohi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka lua, ua hoʻopaʻa nā kānaka noiʻi i ka hopena o ka urolithin B in vivo, ma nā ʻiole. 'Ua hoʻonui ia i ko lākou ulu kino', wahi a Prof. Francaux. 'Ua lawelawe mākou iā ia i nā ʻiole me ke aʻalolo sciatic ʻokiʻoki i hopena i ka lōlō o ka wāwae, a ʻo ka nalowale o nā mākala ma hope o 20 a 30% ka liʻiliʻi o ka wikiwiki a me kahi liʻiliʻi.

15. Nā hopena o Urolithin B

ʻO Urolithin B kekahi o nā metabolites microbial ʻōpū o nā ellagitannins, a he hopena anti-inflammatory a me nā antioxidant. Ua pāpā ʻo Urolithin B i ka hana NF-κB ma o ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka phosphorylation a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o IκBα, a kaomi i ka phosphorylation o JNK, ERK, a me Akt, a hoʻonui i ka phosphorylation o AMPK. ʻO Urolithin B ka mea hoʻoponopono i ka nui o nā mākala iwi.

(1). Hoʻemi ʻo Urolithin B i ka nalo ʻana o ke kaumaha o ka mākala i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka hoʻoweliweli
(2). ʻO Urolithin B-hoʻokomo i ka hypertrophy muselet skeletal i nāʻiole
(3). Hoʻopau ʻia ka hopena anabolic o ka urolithin B e ka receptor androgen
(4). Hoʻoulu ʻo Urolithin B i ka synthes protein i C2C12 myotubes e ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mTORC1 hōʻailona
(5). Hoʻopau ka Urolithin B i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa protein i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana i ke ala ubiquitin – proteasome
(6). Hoʻonui ka Urolithin B i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o C2C12 myotubes

Reference

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